Mulling apparatus



Dec. 29, 1942. E. o. BEARDSLEY x-:TAL

MULLING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 30 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet l Dec. 29, 1942.

E. O. BEARDSLVEY ETAL MULLING APPARATUS Filed Aug. so; 1940 against the receptacle side wall and into Patented Dec. 29, y1942 Y maia APPARATUS Elmer 0. Beardsley, Chicago, and Walter F. Piper, Oak Park, Ill., assignors to The Beardsley Illinois The present invention relates generally to aD-' paratus for mulling or conditioning granular ma- Piper Company, Chicago, Ill.,`a corporation of Application August 30, 1940, Serial No.4 354,814

14 Claims.

terial. More particularly the invention relates to that type oi mulling apparatus which is especially designed or adapted for use in a foundry orlike establishment in connection with the mulling,

mixing or conditioning of molding sand and,'as

its main or principal parts, comprises (l) a bowlllike sand retaining receptacle which is suitably supported above the iloor of the foundry in whichY the apparatus is used and embodies a lcircular disk-like bottom and an annular side wall around and extending upwardly from the margin of the bottom; (2) a rotary horizontally extending crosshead whichis disposed in Vthe central portion of the receptacle and is driven at a comparatively high speed bypower means such as an electric t motor and speed-reducing gearing beneath the receptacle; (3) a plurality ofV rotary mulling elements which are carried by the crosshead and are adapted during drive of the latter to travel in a circular course around the inner face of the receptacle side wall and at the same time to spinv or roll and effect mulling of the sand by squeezing it against the annular side wall; and (4) Va set of plow-like deectors which are. carried by the operate during ya mulling operation to deflect the sand in the receptacle upwardly and outwardly fof the rotary mulling elements. Y

/b Oneobject of the invention is to provide a mulling apparatus of this 'type which is .more

`f"practicai and eiiicient than previously designed` apparatusL of Vthe same general character and, in

addition -has materially longer life.

l Another object of the invention is lto provide.

. a mulling apparatus of the type under consideration in which the receptacle sidewall about which the mulling elements travel during operation o! the apparatus. is in the form of a liner and is removably secured within a cylindrical shell so that it may be removed and replaced in the event 'i of wear. y

Another object of the invention -is to provide a mulling apparatus of the last-mentioned type and character in which the removable liner con-- f stituting the'annular sidewall of the receptacle, is formed of tough vulcanized rubber or like resilient friction material. By forming the liner of tough vulcanized rubber or the. like, the tendency of the batch Aor mass of sand in the receptacle to work or travel around the receptacle in connection with operation oi' the apparatus, is greatly reduced. In addition, it is unnecessary in certain theA path 'Y crosshead in front of the mulling elements and nmzaapianviewmusmung ment and desisn'of' the mulling elements and plow-type denectors;

.linell ofllgurelandshowinglndetailthe means for introducing water onto the bottom of instances to'employ scrapers for scraping the sand from the innerface of the receptacle side wall since the liner, because of its resiliency. re-

turns to its normal position after thevsand is com- ,`pressed thereagainst by the elements and hence rids itself of the sand.

Another object of the which the outer marginal portion ofthe receptacle bottom, that is, theV portion over which the deilectors travel duringoperation of/the appartus, is separate from the inner portion and is' removably held in place so1that it may be removed and replaced in the event that it becomes worn or is injured or damaged as the resultof pieces of scrap metal becoming lodged or wedged under the deectors.

VYA further object of the invention is to provide av mulling apparatus in ,which the rotary mulling elements are carried by the crosshead in a novel and improved manner.

VA Still further object of the invention is to provide a sand mulling apparatus which is of generally new and improved construction and not only occupies but a comparatively small space but also eifectively and eiliclently fuliills its intended DUI'DOSe.

Other objects of the invention and the various advantages and characteristics of the present -mulling apparatus will be apparent from' a con- Sider-ation of the following detailed description.

The invention consists inthe several novel features which are hereinafter set forth and are more particularly delinedbyclaims at the conclusion hereof. Y

In the drawings which accompany and form a part of this speciiication or disclosure and'in which like numerals of-reference denote c orref spending partsA throughout the several views:

Illgure1iiia'verticalilectionoi'anuxllingap-- paratus embodying-the invention;

'Figure 31s a horizontal section taken on the the receptacle;

- Figure 4 is a horizontal section taken on theline 4-4vof Figure 1 and illustrating'the oon- `struction of the speed reducing gearing which,

together with the electric motor, constitutesthe power means for driving the crosshead:

Figure 5 is an enlarged fragmentary section oi the side wail of the receptacle,4 showing 'the cle-' Y invention is to provide a mulling apparatus ofthe aforementioned type in the arrangeshown in Figure 1.

sign and construction of the tough vulcanized rubber liner and disclosing the manner in which the liner is secured to the cylindrical shell that extends therearoundand supports it; and

Figure 6 is a horizontal section on the line 6-6 of Figure 5.

The apparatus which is shown in the drawings constitutes the preferred form or embodiment of the invention. It is essentially designed or adapted for use in a foundry in connection wth the treatment of molding sand, serves or perates, as hereinafter described, to mull, mix or recondition the sand, and comprises a bowl-like sand retaining receptacle 1, a rotary crosshead 8, a pair of rotary mulling elements 9, and a pair of plow type deectors i. The crosshead is disposed in the receptacle and carries the mulling elements 9 and the defiectors I0. It is driven at a comparatively high speed, as hereinafter `described and operates, during drive, to cause the mulling Wheels to travel in a circular course around the receptacle and effect mulling of the sand by squeezing it against the receptacle side walls.

The receptacle 'I is supported over the floor of the foundry or other establishment in which the apparatus is employed by way of a plurality of vertically extending legs II. It is adapted to be charged or lled with a batch of sand to be mulled or otherwise conditioned for molding purposes and comprises a circular disk-like bottom I2 and an annular upstanding side wall I3. The bottom is of composite design and consists of an inner part I4 and an outer part I5. The inner part I4 is preferably in the form of a casting and comprises a fiat horizontally extending ringshaped intermediate piece I6, a vertically extending tubular inner piece I'I, and a iiange-like outer piece i8. The intermediate piece I6 of the inner part i4 denes or constitutes the inner marginal portion of the receptacle bottom I2. The tubular inner piece II is located at the center of the receptacle and embodies at the lower end thereof an outturned annular flange I8. The upper end of the tubular inner piece I4 projects above, and is formed integrally with1 the inner margin of the intermediate piece I6, as The flange-like outer piece I8 of the inner part I4 of the receptacle bottom wall i2 extends downwardly from the outer margin of the intermediate piece I6, then outwardly and then downwards. It is formed integrally with the intermediate piece I6 and underlies and supports the outer part I of the receptacle bottom I2. -In addition to the intermediateinner and outer pieces the inner part I4 embodies four vertically extending webs 20. The latter project radially outwards from the tubular inner piece I1 and have, on the bottom portions thereof, laterally extending pads 2| which rest on, and are bolted or otherwise xedly secured to, the upper ends of the vertically extending legs Il. outer part I5 of the receptacle bottom I2 defines or constitutes the outer marginal portion of the bottom. It is ring-shaped as shown in Figure 1 and is removably secured in place by an annular series of vertically extending bolts 22. The inner margin of the outer part I5 is flat and abuts against and forms an outer continuation of the intermediate piece I6 of the inner part I4 of the bottom. The outer margin of the outer part I5 is curved so that it extends outwards and then upwards. It is curved substantially quadrantally and underlies and supports the bottom margin of the annular side wall I 3. The bolts 22, where- The4 by the outer part I5 is removably secured in place, extend through radially extending slots 23 in the flange-like outer piece I8 of the inner part I4 of the receptacle bottom and are so arranged that the heads thereof are at the bottom and the threaded Shanks at the top. Washers '24 overlie the heads of the bolts and are clamped thereby against the flange-like outer piece I8 of the casting formed inner part I4. The externally threaded Shanks of the bolts ft within internally threaded sockets in the outer part I5 of the receptacle bottom wall. When it is necessary to replace the outer part I5 because of wear, injury or damage, it is only necessary to remove the side wall I3 and then remove the bolts 22. As soon as the bolts are removed from their normal or operative position, the outer part I5 of the receptacle bottom wall I2Vis released or freed andhence may be removed merely by raising it. The receptacle side wall I3 is cylindrical and rests upon and extends upwardly from the outer margin of the outer part I5 of the receptacle bottom I2. It is formed of resilient friction material such as tough vulcanized rubber and is supported and reinforced by a cylindrical shell 24. The latter is preferably formed of rolled steel and has the lower end thereof bolted to the downwardly extending outer vportion of the flange-like outer piece I8 of the inner part I4 of the receptacle bottom wall. The tough vulcanized rubber side wall I3 has a smooth inner periphery or face and embodies on its outer periphery a plurality of equidistantly spa-ced integral bosses 25. It is adapted to have the sand squeezed thereagainst by themulling elements 9 and is removably secured in place by means of bolts 26. The latter project "outwards from the side wall I3 and consist of heads 21 and externally threaded shanks 28. The heads are embedded in the bosses 25 on the outer periphery of the receptacle side wall, as shown in Figures 5 and 6. The shanks 2l of the bolts 26 project outwards through holes in the cylindricalshell 24 and carry nuts 29. When these. nuts are4 tightened the tough vulcanized rubber side wall I3 of the receptacle is clamped against the cylindrical shell 24. When the nuts are removed from the Shanks of the bolts 28 the annular side wall I3 of the receptacle may be removed. By reason of the fact that the receptacle side Wall is formed of tough vulcanized rubber or like resilient friction material, it is Wearresisting. lWhen the apparatus is in operation the scraper-type defiectors I0 serve, as hereinafter described, to throw the sand against the inner face of the receptacle side wall Il and into the path of the mulling elements 9. Due to the fact that the mulling elements travel at a comparatively high speed (approximately 90 R. P. M.) there'is a tendency for the mass or batch of sand to work or move around the receptacle side wall. IBy forming the side wall of rubber or like material having a high coefficient of friction, any tendency of the mass or batch of sand to move around the side wall during use of the apparatus is retarded or counteracted and hence quicker mulling of sand is effected. Another advantage or feature of forming the receptacle side wall I3 of tough vulcanized rubber resides in the face that it is unnecessary 1n certain or in most instances to employ Scrapers for scraping the mulled sand fromthe inner face or periphery of the mulled sand. Because the side wall I3 embodies the bosses 25 on its outer periphery, there are numerous spaces 3b between such outer periphery and the inner periphery of the cylindrical shell 24. Such spaces permit the vulcanized rubber side wall I3 of the receptacle to flex inwards and outwardsto a limited extent in connection with travel of the mulling elements therearound and hence result in more efficient or e'ective inward discharge of the mulled sand from the side wall. For convenience in installation and removal, the receptacle side wall Il is formed of sections (see Figures 2 and 3). By reason of the fact that the shell 24 is formed of rolled steel instead of cast metal, the receptacle is extremely durable and may be manufactured or produced at a low cost. A doorway JI,`

through which the mulled sand' may be discharged from the receptacle, is cut or otherwise formed in the receptacle side wall I3 and the shell 2l. This doorway is normally closed by means of a door 32 which is hinged at one side thereof so that it may be swung outwardly into an open position in connection with discharge of the mulled sand from the receptacle and at the completion or end of a mulling operation. The door 32 is formed of an inner part of tough vulcanized rubber and an outer part of rolled steel and is shifted back and forth between its closed and open positions by means of a fluid pressure actuated cylinder-piston type device 33. When the apparatus is to be used a batch of molding sand is dumped or otherwise delivered into the receptacle and is then after mulling by the mulling elements 9, discharged' via the doorway Il.

The crosshead I carries or supports the mulll1 of the upper housing section 6 and the upper end of the shaft 3! and serves as a journal for the shaft. An annular outwardly extending flange 4t is formed on the central portion of said tubular part, 41 and this is connected by bolts 5l to the outwardly extending annular flange I8 at the lower end of the tubular inner piece I1 and defines, with said tubular inner piece and the upper end of the upper tubular part 41 of the upper housing section 4i. an annular space II having a closed bottom and an open upper end. In addition to the tubular part I1. the upper section 4I of the housing 4l has an enlarged flange-l equipped part I2. The lower section 48 of the housing is bolted to the flange of the part 52 and defines, with said part, a compartment i3 for the speed reducing gearing 43. Such gearing comprises a worm gear ,Il and a worm 55. The worm gear is keyed or otherwise iixedly secured to the lower end of the shaft I0 and meshes with, and is driven by, the worm il The worm is formed as an integral part of a horizontally extending shaft 5t and this shaft is journaled in suitable bearings in the compartment I3 `and projects through the lower part 52 of the upper housing section 4I and ls connected by a coupling l1 to the armature shaft of the electric motor M. A bracket DI is carried by a channel ing elements 9 and the' deilectors I0, as hereinbefore pointed out, and is in the form of a onepiece casting. It is positioned in the central portion of the receptacle 1 directly above the receptacle bottom l2 and consists of a hub 34 and a pair of outwardly extending legs 3l. The hub of -the crosshead is in the form of an inverted cup and consists of a cylindrical side wall $6 and top wall 31. The legs 35 are joined to and extend radially from the side wall 36 of the hub 34 and are positioned one diametrically opposite the other. They extend horizontally and are provided at the outer ends thereof with vertically elongated socket forming members 3B. The crosshead l is mounted on the upper end of a vertically extending shaft 39 and is driven by the latter. The aforementioned shaft extends through the tubular inner piece I1 of the inner part I4 of the receptacle bottom and is surrounded or enclosed by a housing 4|. The upper end of the shaft 39 is provided with an enlarged head Il and this is disposed in the hub 3l of the cross' head and underlies the top wall 31 of the hub. Bolts 42 extend through said top wall 31 and the beam on two of the legs II for supporting the receptacle 1 and this bracket serves as -a rigid support. for the motor M. When current is supplied to the motor the worm I5 is driven from the armature shaft of the motor and in turn operates to drive the worm gear I4. Drive of the worm gear serves to rotate the shaft I! together with the crosshead l. The bottom part of the speed reducing gearing compartment 53 is adapted to be filled withv a liquid type lubricant such as oil. The lower end of the shaft 39 is provided with a male or external screw thread il and this vfits within a sleeve I in the bottom of the compartment 53. The upper end of the sleeve islopen so as to receive oil from the compartment 43 and the lower end of the sleeve is closed. The shaft l! nasa-longitudinal bore 02 therein and this bore is -open at its lower end and communicates with crossports Il at' itsl upper end. The crossports are formed in the upper end of the shaft 39 and are disposed above the roller bearing Il. When the shaft II is driven in connection with operation of the apparatus the external screw thread It at the lower end of the shaft 39 operates to force oil from the bottom of the compartment 53 into the bottom of the sleeve il and thence upward through the bore 62 to the crossports il. The oil so forced by the screw m'and thence back to the compartment 53. The

head 4I and serve fl'xedly to secure the crosshead to the upper end of the shaft. The shaft Il is driven by means of speed reducing gearingu in the housing Il and an electric motnr M outside of the housing. e housing Il is of two-piece design and consists of an upper section and a' lower `section 46. Thelupper section has a tubular upper part I1. diameter than the tubular inner piece I1 of the inner part Il of the receptacle bottom wall I2. The upper end of the tubular part l1 extends I through said tubular inner piece I1 and nts within the cylindrical side wall I. of the crosshead hub 3l. A roller bearingis interposed be- This part is of less external screw `thread 6I at the lower end of the shaft 30, the sleeve ll, the bore i2 and the crossports 6I constitute simple means for supplying the bearing ll with oil from the bottom of the compartment i3 inthe housing Il.

The mulling elements l are disposed in the upper portion of the receptacle 1 and are in the form of wheels. They consist of cast metal bodies Il and solid rubber tires I5 and are carried by a pair of horizontally extending arms so that they are "permitted to swing outwards toward the receptacle sidewall IJ. The arms .I6 are disposed above -the crosshead I and'project away from the outer ends of the crosshead legs 3i.

tween the Upper end of the tubular upper Part The inner ends of the arms Il are fixedly secured to a pair ,of vertically extending sleeve-like members 81 and these are rotatably"mounted on the upper ends of a pair of shafts I8. The lower ends of such shafts flt within and project beneath the socket-like members 38 at the outer endsof the legs 36 of the crosshead. The shafts, together with the sleeve 61, form pivotal connections between the arms i6 and the crosshead whereby the arms, together with the wheel-type'y mulling elements l, are permitted to swing outwards in response to centrifugal force during drive of the crosshead. The distaleends of the arms 66 are provided with enlarged brackets I9 and these serve to support a pair of vertically extending shafts 10. The bodies 64 ofthe mulling elements 9 are mounted on the shafts 10 by way of ball bearings 1I to the end that the elements are permitted to rotate or freely spin with respect to the shafts 10. The solid rubber tires $5 are suitably mounted on the rim portions of the bodies 8l o f the mulling elements and are adapted, during operation of the apparatus, yieldingly to engage the sand between them and the adjacent portion of the receptacle side wall and to squeeze such sand so that the grains roll relatively to one another and effect a substantially uniform distribution of any bonding material which is introduced into the sand either before or after the sand is delivered into the receptacle 1. As a result of the fact that the mulling elements are free to swing outwards in response to the action side wall and into the path of the mulling elements. As shown in Figures l, 2 and 3, the deectors I0 directly overlie and are adapted to sweep over the outer part I5 of the receptacle bottom I2. The outer ends of the deectors are vertically elongated. 'I'hey are rearwardly canted and are adapted to sweep aroundthe lower portion of the side wallV I3. By having the outer part I5 of the receptacle bottom I2 removable, as herelnbefore pointed out, it is possible readily to replace such part should the latter be damaged as a result of pieces of scrap becoming lodged under the outer ends of the deflectors.

In order to permit the. operator of the apparatus to moisten the sand in the receptacle during mulling thereof, a water supply pipe 1I is provided. This pipe includes a control valve 19 and leads under the` receptacle bottom. It is connected at one end thereof'to receive water under pressure from any suitable source of supply and has its other end connected to the tubular inner piece I1 of the inner part of the receptacle bottom IZ'in such manner that it communicates with the annular or ring-shaped space I I pipe 1land into the space il, then flows upwards through such space to the top of said tubular inner piece I1.

over the upper end of the piece I1 and flows into of centrifugal force, the sand between the tires 65 and the adjacent portion of the receptacle side"` wall is subjected to a pronounced squeezing action and any and all lumps therein are effectively disintegrated. The two wheel-type mulling ele.

ments 9 are disposed above the crosshead I, as shown in Figure 2, and are vertically oil'set. The

elements are vertically offset by arrangingone of vratus. Preferably the wheel-type mulling elements 9 are of such size that the diameter thereof is approximately half the diameter of the receptacle 1. When elements of` this size are used they lap one another, as shown in Figure 2. In order d to restrict or limit outward swing of the two mulling elements in connection with operation of the apparatus, two chains 12 are provided. Thesechains extend between lugs 13 on the enlarged brackets il at the distal ends of the arms 66 and lugs 1l. at the outer ends of the crosshead legs 35. The ends of the chains adjacent the lugs 14 embody bolts 15 and these extend through holes in the lugs "and have rubber bumpers 16 and lock nuts 11 for vresiliently anchoring them lin place.

'I'he plow-type defiect'ors Il are fixedly secured to, and project outwardly from, the-lower end of the shafts 68 at the outer ends of the legs 35 of the crosshead. -They are disposed in front of the mulling elements 8 and are so shaped that the Y of the sand to be muued into the receptacle.-

entire batch or mass of sand in the receptacle'is caused, during drive of the crosshead, to move upwards against the inner face of the receptacle .sand for sand-moistening purposes.

;the central portion of the receptacle and over the receptacle bottom I2. The plow-type deflectors I0 operate, when sand is in the receptacle and inY connection with the operation of the apparatus, to fling the water upwards into contact with the It is contemplated that a portion of the water which is used for sand-moistening purposes be introduced onto the bottom of the receptacle before delivery When a small amount of water is so flowed or delivered onto the central portion of the receptacle bottom, the Scrapers fling such water outwards over the outer part I5 of the receptacle bottom in such-manner that any sand which has accumulated thereon is washed away or loosened. By ridding the part I5 of any packed or gummy sand prior to a mulling operation, wear of the part is reduced to a minimum.- Ifv sand were 'allowed to build up or accumulate on th'e part Il, wear of the part as well as the defiectors, would occur. By providing means for introducing water onto the central portionA of the receptacle bottom so that the deilectors fling such water outwards and wash away any caked or hardened sand on the` outer part Il of the receptacle bottom, the ylife of the part as a whole is greatly increased. The central portion of the tubular 'side wall 36 of the crosshead 34 is provided with an outwardly and downwardly extending ange 80, as shown in Figure 2. This flange overlies the upper end of the tubular inner piece l1 of the central part Il of the receptacle bottom and prevents sand, d irt or dust from entering the top of the annular space 5I By reason of the fact that -the upper end of the tubular piece I1 projects times a above the inner part Il there is at all water seal.

When it is desired to use the apparatus the electric motor Il is started by closing the switch therefor. This results in comparatively high speed y drive of the crosshead 8 and causes the'mulling wheels 9 and the plow-type deflectors I0 to swing or revolve in a circular course within the receptacle. After the crosshead has been set inl motion by starting of the electric motor, the valve When the valve 19 is opened, water flows through the At this point the water spills- 'It for controlling/the ow of water under pressure through the pipe 18 is opened for a sufficient length of time to cause Vthe desired and proper amount of water to ilow onto the bottom wall l2 amount of water has been introduced onto the receptacle bottom, the batch of sand to be mulled is dumped or otherwise delivered into the receptacle. VAs the sand drops downwards toward -the receptacle bottom I2, it comes in contact with the plow-type deilectors i and is flung outwards and upwards towards the central and upper portionsof the inner periphery or surface of the tough vulcanized rubber receptacle side wall i3 and into the path of the Wheel-type mulling elements l. .When the elements contactA the sand on the receptacle side wall they squeeze the sand and eilect not only mulling thereof but also substantially uniform vdistribution of any bonding mater-19.1 in the sand. The sand is subjected to repeated upward and outwardlling/ins by the devtlectors and squeezing or mulling by the elements i and in this manner it is mulled or conditioned.

The deilectors Il are so designed that they maintain substantially the entire batch or mass of sand in suspension, that is, above the receptacle bottom I2. They also so scatter the sand that the latter is appreclably aerated. If water is introduced over' the bottom oi' the,V receptacle while the sand is being mulled. the deilectors iling or direct the water upwards into contact with the sand and the sand is thus moistened. At the 'conclusionof the mulling operation the door I2 is swung into its open position by manipulation or control of the'device 33. As soonas the door reaches its fully opened position sandis discharged through the doorway Il by the plow-like de'- ilectors Il. Should it be necessary or desired to replace the rubber side wall I3 of the receptacle, 1t is only necessary to remove the nuts 28 from the shanks 2l of the bolts 2i and then remove the side wall sections from the cylindrical rolled steel shell 2l. After removal oi the side wall I3 a new side wall-is manipulated into place. Should the outer part Il of the receptacle bottomv l! become worn or require replacement duel to injury or. damage, it is only necessary to remove the bolts 22 and then lift the part il from the receptacle 1.

The herein descri mulling apparatus eiiects an eiilcient and quick mulling of the sand and is rugged as well as durable. `It may be manufactured at a comparatively low and reasonable cost due to the design and construction ,of the recep -tacle and the speed reducing gearing for driving i the crosshead, and requires substantially no serv-l icing or repair.

Whereas the apparatus has been described .as adapted primarily for use in mulling or condition-l ing moldingv sand and as comprising two wheeltype mulling elements and two plow-type deilectors, it is to be understood that it may be used in connection'with the conditioning or treatment of other granular material vand may be built or made with a single mulling Ielement and a single deiiector or with more than two mulling elements also to be understood that the invention is not to be restricted to the details set forth since these.

5 the spirit'and scope of the invention.

' Havingthus described the invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A mulling apparatus comprising a bowlshaped receptacle adapted to contain the material to be mulled and embodying a bottom and in addition an annular side wall extending upwardly substantially vertically from the bottom having a smooth inner face, and formed of materialthat is resilient and has a lcomparatively high coeicient of friction, a` mulling element in the receptacle mounted to travel in a circular course around said side wall and adapted during travel to squeeze the material between it and said side zo wall and thus eilect mulling of the material,

power means for propelling the element in said Y circular course, and a plow type deector mounted in front of, and for conjoint travel with, the mulling element and arranged and shaped to defiect the material outwards against the side wall and into the path of said mulling .element during a mulling operation.

It. A mulling apparatus comprising a bowlshaped receptacle adapted to contain the mateao rial to be mulled and embodying a bottom and in addition an annuler removably mounted wall extending upwardly substantially vertically fromV the bottom, having .a substantially smooth inner vface, and formed of vulcanized rubber, a rotary mulling element in the receptacle mounted to travel in a circular course around said side wall and adapted during travel to spin and squeeze the material between lt and said side wall and thus eifect mulling of the material, a plow type o deectcr mounted infront of, and' for conjoint travel with, the mulling element and adapted to deect the material outwards against the side walland into the path of said element during a mulling operation. and power means forv propeiling the element and detlector in said circular course.

3. A mulling apparatus comprising a stationyary bowl-shaped receptacle adapted to contain the material to be mulled and embodying la bot- 59 tom and` in addition a rigid annular shell extending upwardly substantially vertically from the bottom and a removable liner type side wall extending around andviltting against the' inner face ot the shell. having a smooth inner tace. and

formed of material that is resilient and has a comparatively high coefficient o: friction. a mulling element in the receptacle mounted to travel in a circular course, around said side walland adapted during travel to squeeze the material I between it and said side wall and thus :eiiect mulling of the material, power means for propelling the element in said circular course. and a plow' type'decctor mounted in front of. and for' conjoint travel with, the mulling element'and 5 arranged and shaped to deilect the material out- -wards against the side wall and into the path of said mulling element during a mulling operation.

`4. A mulling apparatus comprising a stationary bowl-shaped receptacle adapted to contain the material to be mulled and embodying a bottom and in addition a rigid annular shell extending upwardly substantially` vertically from the bot- ,tom and a sectional liner type side vwall ntting and a corresponding number of deflectors. It is 76 around the inner facek of. and removably secured to, the shell, having a smooth inner face, and formed of tough vulcanized rubber, a rotary mulling element in the receptacle mounted to travel in a circular course'around said side wall and adapted during travel to spin and squeeze the material between it and said side wall and thus effect mulling of the material, a plow type deflector mounted in front of, and for conjoint travel with, the mulling element and adapted to deilect the material outwards against the side wall and into the path of said element during a mulling operation, and power means for -propeiling the element and deiiector in said circular course.

5. A mulling apparatus comprising a bowlshaped receptacle adapted to contain the material to be mulled and embodying a bottom and in addition a rigid annular shell extending upwardly substantially vertically from the bottom and an annular side wall of resilient friction material extending around the inner face of the shell and having protuberances and spaces between it and said inner shell face whereby portions thereof are permitted to flex or move back and forth to a limited extent, a mulling element in the receptacle mounted to travel in ya. circular course around said side wall and adapted during travel to squeeze the material between it and said side wall and thus effect mulling of the material, power means for propelling the element in said circular course, and a plow type deilector mounted in front of, and for conjoint travel with, the

mulling element and arranged and shaped to de- I fleet the material outwards against the side Wall and into the path of said mulling element during a mulling operation.

6. A mulling apparatus comprising a bowlshaped receptacle adapted to contain the materialto be mulled and embodying a bottom and in addition a rigid annular shell extending upwardly substantially vertically from the bottom and an annular liner type side wall of vulcanized rubber extending around the inner face of, and removably secured to, the shell and having integral bosses and intermediate spaces between it and said inner face of the shell whereby portions thereof are permitted to ex or move inwards and outwards to a limited extent, a mulling element in the receptacle mounted to travel in a circular course around said side wall and adapted during travel to squeeze the material between it and said side wall and thus effect mulling of the material, a plow type defiector mounted in front of, and for conjoint travel with, the mulling element and adapted to deflect the material outwards against the side wall and into the path of said element during a mulling operation, and power means for propelling the element and defiector in said circular course.

7. A mulling apparatus comprising a bowl--l shaped receptacle adapted to contain the matem` rial to be mulled and embodying a bottom and in addition an annular shell extending upwardly from the bottom and an annular liner type side wall of resilient friction material and sectional design extending around the inner face of the .bedded in the bosses and shanks extending through holes in the shell and provided with nuts, a mulling element in the receptacle mounted to travel in a circular course around said side wall and adapted during travel to squeeze the material between it and said side wall and thus effect mulling of the material, and power means for propelling the element in said circular course.

8. A batch type mulling apparatus comprising a stationary bowl-shaped receptacle adapted to contain the material to be mulled and embodying a circular bottom in the form of a fixed inner part anda removable ring-shaped outer part extending around the inner part and having the upper face thereof forming a continuation of the upper face of said inner part, and also embodying a separately formed annular side wall resting on and extending upwardly from the outer mar-gin of said outer part, a mulling elementV 9. A mulling apparatus comprising a stationary bowl-shaped receptacle adapted to contain the material to be mulled and embodying a circular bottom in the form of a fixed inner part comprising a fiat disc-like piece and an outer downwardly and outwardly extending flange-like piece and a ring-shapedouter part around the disc-like piece of the inner part voverlying and removably secured to said ange-like piece and having the upper face thereof forming a continuation of the upper face of said disc-like piece,

and also embodying a separately formed annular side wall resting on and extending upwardly from the outer margin of said outer part, a rotary mulling element in the receptacle mounted to travel in a circular course around said side wall and adapted during travel to squeeze the material between it and said side wall and thus effect mulling of the material, power means for propelling the element in said circular course, and a plow-type deiiector propelled by said means conjointly with said element and arranged so.

that it swings or travels directly over said outer part and operates to move the material outwards and upwards against said side wall andv into the path of the element.

10. A mulling apparatus comprising a bowlshaped receptacle adapted to contain the material to be mulled and embodying a circular bottom in the form of a xed inner part comprising a substantially at disk-like piece and a downwardly and outwardly extending outer ringshaped ange-like piece and a zing-shaped outer l part ,overlying and removably secured to said flange-like piece and having the upper surface thereof forming a continuation of the upper face of the disk-like piece of said inner part, and also embodying an annular shell extending upwardly from and secured to the outer margin of said flange-like piece and an annular side wall extending around -and removably secured to said shell and joining and extending upwardly from the outer margin of said outer part of the bottom, a mulling element in the receptacle arranged to travel in a circular course around said side wall and adapted during travel to squeeze the material between it and said side wall and thus effect mulling of the material, means for ward the receptacle side wall, the higher of the wall and into the path of the element.`

l1. A mulling apparatus comprising a bowllike receptacle adapted to contain the material to be mulled and embodying a bottom and an annular side wall extending upwardly from the margin of the bottom, a cross-head in the central lower portion of the receptacle mounted to ro-A tate about a vertical axis, a plurality of rotary wheel type mulling elements each having a diameter approximately half the diameter of the receptacle, said elements being carried by l the Y cross-head so that they are disposed above the latter and adjacent said side wall and' are in vertical offset as well as lapped relation with one another and being adapted during drive of the cross-head to travel in a circular course around the receptacle side wall and in addition to spin 'or roll and squeeze the material between them and said sidewall, and power means for driving the cross-head. n r 4 12. A mulling apparatus -comprising a bowllike receptacle adapted to contain the material to be 'mulled and embodying a bottom and an annular side wall extending upwardly from the margin of the bottom, a cross-head in the lower central portion of the receptacle mounted to ro'-, tate about a vertical axis, a pair of opposed spaced apart horizontally extending arms disposed above the cross-head and in vertically offset relation and having certain of their ends l pivotally connected to the cross-head so that they are free to swing in horizontal planes totwo arms having a downwardly extending shaft at its distal end and the lower of said arms having an upwardly extending shaft at its distal end, a pair of horizontally extending vertically offset wheel type mulling elements mounted one on the lower end of the iirst mentioned shaft and the other above the other arm on the upper end of the second mentioned shaft, and adapted during drive of the cross-head to travel in a circular therewith for deflecting the material outwardly and upwardly toward said side wail and into the path of the mulling elements.

13. A mulling apparatus comprising a bowl like receptacle adapted to contain the material to be mulled and embodying a bottom and an annular side wallv extending upwardly from the margin of `the bottom, an elongated cross-head in the lower central portion of the receptacle mounted to rotate about a vertical axis, a pair of opposed spaced apart horizontally extending arms disposed above the cross-head and at different elevations and having the outer ends thereof connected pivotally to the ends of the cross-head so that they are free to swing horizoritally toward the receptacle side wall, the higher of said arms having a downwardly extending shaft at its inner or distalend and the lower of said arms having an upwardly extending shaft at its distal end, a pair of horizontally e1;- tending vertically offset and overlapping wheel type mulling elements of approximately one half the diameter of the receptacle, mounted one on the lower end of the first mentioned shaft and the other on the upper end of the second mentioned shaft and adapted during drive of the -cross-head to travel in a circular course around the receptacle side wall and in addition to spin or roll and squeeze the material between them 'and the receptacle side wall, power means for driving theV cross-head, and means connected to the cross-head for conjoint drive therewith for defiecting the material outwardly and upwardly toward said side wall and into theV path of the mulling elements. f

` 14. A mulling apparatus comprising a recep' tacle for the material to be mulled. a rotary ative automatically during drive of the. gearing topump or flow oil from thesump to said bearing comprising a cup-shaped member surrounding the lower end of the shaft and disposed in, and adapted to receive oil from, the sump, a coacting screw thread on the lower end of the shaft and in the cup shaped member, and a duct extendingl longitudinally through the shaft and having thelower end thereof opening at the bottom of the cup-shaped member and its upper end communicating with the upper end of the housing ata point above said bearing.

' O. BEARDSLEY.

F. PIPER.l .n 

